Individual-Level Strategies

Individual-level strategies aim to produce changes in attitudes or behaviors related to alcohol use rather than the environments in which alcohol use occurs. Expected outcomes, in general, are that a strategy may decrease an individual’s alcohol use (e.g., frequency, quantity, or blood alcohol concentration) and/or alcohol-related risk-taking behaviors, thereby reducing harmful consequences. All studies used college students as the research population.

^a = New intervention (2019)
^b = Intervention changed position in the matrix (2019)

Not effective

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Not effective
Skills training, alcohol focus: Expectancy challenge intervention (ECI)—By proxy/didactic/discussion alone View Details	Information/knowledge/education alone View Details Values clarification alone View Details Skills training, alcohol focus: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) feedback alone^b View Details	None

NOTE: Cost ratings are based on the relative program and staff costs for adoption, implementation, and maintenance of a strategy. Actual costs will vary by institution, depending on size, existing programs, and other campus and community factors.